Vertical coking oveji



VERTICAL COKING OVESI Filed Aug. 12. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A E/IT/IVE6/15 Patented Feb. 19, 1929.

UNITED STATES J CHAN N Llll'TZ, OF ESSEN-BREDENEY, GERMANY.

VERTICAL COKING OVEN.

Application filed August 12, 1921, Serial No. 491,819, and in GermanyJune 2 1, 1916.

My invention relates to vertical coking ovens and more particularly toovens for continuous operation. It is an object of my invention toprovide an oven Of the kind described in which the rich and the poorgases from the coking process are obtained separat-ely.

In the generation of gas, for instance lighting gas, in verticalretorts, as performed heretofore, only high grade coal could be used or,if such coal was not available, it was necessary to lead ofi' separatelythe gases which were generated during the various stages of the cokingprocess. Now high grade coal is expensive. and on the other hand theexpedient of leading off separately the. gases resulting in the variouscoking sta is not only complicated but also entails considerable loss oftime as it involves repeatedly reversing the operation of the retort foreach charge. lvloreov-r, where high grade coal. is used and thereforeall the gas obtained of such high quality as to enable it to be used forlighting purposes. such gas would he too expensive tor heating theretort. and it is therefore necessary to provide for heating such retortby means of generator gas or the like.

These drawbacks are overcome in my improved oven by providing a gascollector for the less valuable products and by leading these productsaway at the bottom of such collector while the valuable products are ledoil directly from said oven by a separate pipe line provided at the topof the oven. The gas which is led away at the lower portion of thecollector is comparatively lean and is preferably utilized for heatingthe retort. while the gas escaping at the top of the retort is rich andmay he used for lighting or other purposes. This can be constantlywithdrawn. The separation of the rich gases which are removed at thetop, and the lean ses which are removed at the bottom. is eft'eeted bysuction. As the lean gases form at the bottom and the rich gases form atthe top. it is possible to so effect this that only the lean gases areremoved at the bottom and only the rich gases are removed at the top. Itis obvious that by exerting suction at the top and at the bottom it ispossible to remove separatcly the lean gases which form at the bottomand the rich gases which form at the top. Thus without being compelledto reverse the retort it is possible to obtain an. uninterrupted supplyof high'class illuminating gas at the same time a quantity of. lean gaswhich suflices to heat the retort and which had heretofore to beproduced in special generators, is produced in the retortitsclit'. Acertainquantity of water-gas may. furthermore, be added to the heatinggas, by continuously introducing *ater into the lower part of theretort'which quenches the finished coke contained therein whereby steamis generated which in its turn is decomposed by the higher red hotlayers of coke.

For separating the rich and lean gases, generated in the retort, a gascollecting chamher is preferably disposed outside the retort andinsulated from it as completely as possible, into which the gas can passthrough numerous channels or passages.

In order to effect a quick 1.):issage of the gases From the retort intothe. collecting chamber and to prevent their decomposition, the retortaccording to the invention is completely surrounded by an annularcollecting chamber and at each upright joint oi the bricks oi the wallinterstices are provided which form small passages. As far as it appearsnecessary. the gas in the lower portion of the collecting chamber iscooled by arranging pipes through which water flows. The water used forthis purpose and which becomes gradually heated may be utilized forquenching the coke in the lower part of the furnace chamber and for thegeneration or" the water-gas.

In the drawings atlixed to this specification and Forming part thereof.a vertical coking oven, embodying my invention is illustrated by way ofexample. In the drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical section on the line AB inFig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line CD of Fig. 1,

Figs. 3 to (l are detailed illustrations on a. larger scale.

Fig. 3 being a part elevation of the retort wall,

Figs. 4- and 5 being sections on the lines G--H and T l--1 in Fig. 3.respectively, and

Fi 6 being a part section on the line AB in Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, a is the retort which is here shown annular.On the inner as well as on the outer wall of this chamber lines 7) and 0respectively are ru'ovidcd. Heating gases are supplied to. and abductedfrom said flues bv any suitallle means (not shown). The coal is chargedinto the oven from the top, as usual. The charge gradually sinks down inthe oven and the coke is Withdrawn at the base of the apparatus (notshown). According to the invention the apparatus is provided with anannular, concentric collecting channher (i, into which the gases fromthe chaniher a pass through the numerous narrow channels (2. Thesechannels or interstices c are disposed in the vertical join ts betweenthe bricks f forming the outer Wall of the oven and are formed byrecesses in the abutting side faces of the bricks. As each fire-brickcontains the openings for two heating fines and the bricks are staggeredthe channels '0 at ditherem t levels me also staggered With respect tothose above and below them. The tight insulzation of the heating fineswith regard to the oven is not interfered with by the narrow passagesfor the gases. In a similar inanner a gas collecting space 9 is providedin the interior of the annular retort which commu n'ica'tes with theretort :thron gh ch annelsor passages h. Furthermore, the recnperzrtorsaredisposed in the interior of the apparatus in in. well known manner.

For cooling the gases and in order to prevent their decomposition,cooling pipes 71: are provided in the lower portion of the gasc-ollooting chamber: into which pipes the cooling water-enters at thebottom through the pipe Z. Through a pipe on the cooling enter from thecooling pipes 7r is conducted into the ter tank a, from which it flowsinto the lower part pot the apparatus thronghtheslot 0 generating watergas in contact with the coke. In order to prevent explosions, thecooling pipes k are provided at their upper end with small openings 9.The-cooling; Water is preterahly conducted to the cooling installationfrom-a raised tank, the level of which is lower than the openings Q ofthe cooling;' installation.

From the gas collecting chambers (Z and g which communicate at the topand bottom, the lean :gas for heating the a-p 'niratns is drawn oil' atthe bottom throu h the pipe r and the rich illuminnti11; gas through thepipe 3 at the top. At the upper end t main and the collecting chambersly coinn'mnication with the o I claim:

1. A vertical coking oven for continuous operation comprising a cokingretort Walls of said retort containin i a gas collector separate fromsalt rounding said retort and connected rm by passages contained in the1 is of tort, a gas discharge pipe conns collector at the top, and a gas'di connected with it at the bottom.

2. A vertical coking oven for co. operation comprising an annula cotout, the Walls cit said retort deli fines, n gas collector separatsurroundin' said retort, a as col c :charge pipe C3 ranged in its innerannular sq Le tors being connected. with said r sages contained in theWalls of said r'zt gas discharge pipe connected lectors at the top, anddi connected with said collectors at the hi In'test-imony whereof Iafiir: r

